Which type of heat injury involves intense heat cramps and muscle spasms?

The correct choice is indeed heat cramps, as this condition specifically refers to the painful muscle spasms that occur due to prolonged exposure to heat and physical exertion. Heat cramps are a direct result of losing significant amounts of salt and fluid through sweating, especially in hot environments and during strenuous activities.

Understanding heat cramps is particularly important for those in physically demanding roles, such as cavalry scouts, as it can indicate early signs of heat-related illnesses. Unlike heat exhaustion and heat stroke, which involve more systemic effects and show symptoms like weakness, dizziness, and fever, heat cramps are localized to muscle spasms and cramping, making them distinct in their symptomatology. Recognizing heat cramps allows for timely interventions such as hydration and rest, which can prevent the progression to more severe heat illnesses.